PROCESS TO REMOVE WINDOW GENUINENES FROM WINDOW XP MACHINE

1.Lauch Windows Task Manager.
2.End wgatray.exe process in Task Manager.
3.Restart Windows XP in Safe Mode.
4.Delete WgaTray.exe from c:\Windows\System32.
5.Delete WgaTray.exe from c:\Windows\System32\dllcache.
6.Lauch RegEdit.
7.Browse to the following location:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\
Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\Notify
8.Delete the folder ‘WgaLogon’ and all its contents
9.Reboot Windows XP.

Use of IPConfig Command

Ipconfig is a DOS utility that can be used from MS-DOS and a MS-DOS shell to display the network settings currently assigned and given by a network. This command can be utilized to verify a network connection as well as to verify your network settings. The ipconfig.exe command is an external command and is available in Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7.

Syntax - ipconfig [switches]

Windows 95, 98 and ME Switches

• /ALL - Display detailed information.
• /BATCH [FILE] - Write to file or ./WINIPCFG.OUT.
• /RENEW_ALL - Renew all adapters.
• /RELEASE_ALL - Release all adapters.
• /RENEW N - Renew adapter N.
• /RELEASE N - Release adapter N.

Windows 2000 and XP Switches

• /ALL - Display full configuration information.
• /RELEASE - Release the IP address for the specified adapter.
• /RENEW - Renew the IP address for the specified adapter.
• /FLUSHDNS - Purges the DNS Resolver cache.
• REGISTERDNS - Refreshes all DHCP leases and re-registers DNS names.
• /DISPLAYDNS - Display the contents of the DNS Resolver Cache.
• /SHOWCLASSID - Displays all the dhcp class IDs allowed for adapter.
• /SETCLASSID - Modifies the dhcp class id.

The default is to display only the IP address, subnet mask and default gateway for each adapter bound to TCP/IP. For Release and Renew, if no adapter name is specified, then the IP address leases for all adapters bound to TCP/IP will be released or renewed. For SetClassID, if no class id is specified, then the classid is removed.

How to turn off your computer immediately & safely?

Does you computer takes too much time to turn off? If yes, you are not the only user. Let me tell you the way to turn off your computer immediately. Don't worry, this method is totally safe and harmless. 

• Open the task manager by pressing Ctrl + Alt + Del key.
• Now press Alt + U. Your shut down menu will open.
• Now keep pressing Ctrl key and then click on Turn Off menu. Your computer will turn off within 3 seconds. Just try it.

Microsoft Windows, Word, Excel, IE Shortcut keys

Microsoft Windows shortcut keys: Below commands may not work in some versions of Microsoft Windows.

• Alt + Tab: Switch between open applications.
• Alt + Shift + Tab: Switch backwards between open applications.
• Alt + double-click: Display the properties of the object you double-click on. For example, doing this on a file would display its properties.
• Ctrl + Tab: Switches between program groups or document windows in applications that support this feature.
• Ctrl + Shift + Tab: Same as above but backwards.
• Alt + Print Screen: Create a screen shot only for the program you are currently in.
• Ctrl + Print Screen: Creates a screen shot of the entire screen
• Ctrl + Alt + Del: Reboot the computer and/or bring up the Windows task manager.
• Ctrl + Shift + Esc: Immediately bring up the Windows task manager.
• Ctrl + Esc: Bring up the Windows Start menu. In Windows 3.x this would bring up the Task Manager.
• Alt + Esc: Switch Between open applications on taskbar.
• F1: Activates help for current open application.
• F2: Renames selected Icon.
• F3: Starts find from desktop.
• F4: Opens the drive selection when browsing.
• F5: Refresh Contents to where you were on the page.
• Ctrl + F5: Refreshes page to the beginning of the page.
• F10: Activates menu bar.
• Shift + F10: Simulates right-click on selected item.
• F4: Select a different location to browse in the Windows Explorer toolbar.
• Alt + F4: Closes Current open program.
• Ctrl + F4: Closes Window in Program.
• F6: Move cursor to different Windows Explorer pane.
• Alt + Spacebar: Drops down the window control menu.
• Ctrl + (the '+' key on the keypad): Automatically adjust the widths of all the columns in Windows explorer
• Alt + Enter: Opens properties window of selected icon or program.
• Alt + Spacebar: Open the control menu for the current window open.
• Shift + Del: Delete programs/files without throwing them into the recycle bin.
• Holding Shift: Boot Safe Mode or by pass system files as the computer is booting. When putting in an audio CD, will prevent CD Player from playing.
• Enter: Activates the highlighted program.
• Alt + Down arrow: Display all available options on drop down menu.
• * (on the keypad): Expands all folders on the currently selected folder or drive in Windows Explorer.
• + (on the keypad): Expands only the currently selected folder in Windows Explorer.
• - (on the keypad): Collapses the currently selected folder in Windows Explorer.
• WINKEY: Pressing the Windows key alone will open Start.
• WINKEY + F1: Opens the Microsoft Windows help and support center.
• WINKEY + F3: Opens the Advanced find window in Microsoft Outlook.
• WINKEY + D: Brings the desktop to the top of all other windows.
• WINKEY + M: Minimizes all windows.
• WINKEY + SHIFT + M: Undo the minimize done by WINKEY + M and WINKEY + D.
• WINKEY + E: Open Microsoft Explorer.
• WINKEY + Tab: Cycle through open programs through the taskbar.
• WINKEY + F: Display the Windows Search / Find feature.
• WINKEY + CTRL + F: Display the search for computers window.
• WINKEY + F1: Display the Microsoft Windows help.
• WINKEY + R: Open the run window.
• WINKEY + Pause/Break key: Open the system properties window.
• WINKEY + U: Open Utility Manager.
• WINKEY + L: Lock the computer (Windows XP and above only).
• WINKEY + P: Quickly change between monitor display types. (Windows 7 only).
• WINKEY + LEFT ARROW: Shrinks the window to 1/2 screen on the left side for side by side viewing. (Windows 7 only).
• WINKEY + RIGHT ARROW: Shrinks the window to 1/2 screen on the right side for side by side viewing. (Windows 7 only).
• WINKEY + UP ARROW: When in the side by side viewing mode, this shortcut takes the screen back to full size. (Windows 7 only).
• WINKEY + DOWN ARROW: Minimizes the screen. Also, when in the side by side viewing mode, this shortcut takes the screen back to a minimized size. (Windows 7 only).

Microsoft Excel shortcut keys: Below commands may not work in some versions of Microsoft Excel.

• F2: Edit the selected cell.
• F5: Go to a specific cell. For example, C6.
• F7: Spell check selected text and/or document.
• F11: Create chart.
• Ctrl + Shift + ; - Enter the current time.
• Ctrl + ; - Enter the current date.
• Alt + Shift + F1: Insert New Worksheet.
• Shift + F3: Open the Excel formula window.
• Shift + F5: Bring up search box.
• Ctrl + A: Select all contents of the worksheet.
• Ctrl + B: Bold highlighted selection.
• Ctrl + I: Italic highlighted selection.
• Ctrl + K: Insert link.
• Ctrl + U: Underline highlighted selection.
• Ctrl + 5: Strikethrough highlighted selection.
• Ctrl + P: Bring up the print dialog box to begin printing.
• Ctrl + Z: Undo last action.
• Ctrl + F9: Minimize current window.
• Ctrl + F10: Maximize currently selected window.
• Ctrl + F6: Switch between open workbooks / windows.
• Ctrl + Page up: Move between Excel work sheets in the same Excel document.
• Ctrl + Page down: Move between Excel work sheets in the same Excel document.
• Ctrl + Tab Move: between Two or more open Excel files.
• Alt + = - Create a formula to sum all of the above cells
• Ctrl + ' - Insert the value of the above cell into cell currently selected.
• Ctrl + Shift + ! - Format number in comma format.
• Ctrl + Shift + $ - Format number in currency format.
• Ctrl + Shift + # - Format number in date format.
• Ctrl + Shift + % - Format number in percentage format.
• Ctrl + Shift + ^ - Format number in scientific format.
• Ctrl + Shift + @ - Format number in time format.
• Ctrl + Arrow key: Move to next section of text.
• Ctrl + Spacebar: Select entire column.
• Shift + Spacebar: Select entire row.

Microsoft Word shortcut keys: Below commands may not work in some versions of Microsoft Word.

• Ctrl + A: Select all contents of the page.
• Ctrl + B: Bold highlighted selection.
• Ctrl + C: Copy selected text.
• Ctrl + E: Aligns the line or selected text to the center of the screen.
• Ctrl + F: Open find box.
• Ctrl + I: Italic highlighted selection.
• Ctrl + J: Aligns the selected text or line to justify the screen.
• Ctrl + K: Insert link.
• Ctrl + L: Aligns the line or selected text to the left of the screen.
• Ctrl + M: Indent the paragraph.
• Ctrl + P: Open the print window.
• Ctrl + R: Aligns the line or selected text to the right of the screen.
• Ctrl + T: Create a hanging indent.
• Ctrl + U: Underline highlighted selection.
• Ctrl + V: Paste.
• Ctrl + X: Cut selected text.
• Ctrl + Y: Redo the last action performed.
• Ctrl + Z: Undo last action.
• Ctrl + Shift + F: Change the font.
• Ctrl + Shift + > - Increase selected font +1pts up to 12pt and then increases font +2pts.
• Ctrl + ] - Increase selected font +1pts.
• Ctrl + Shift + < - Decrease selected font -1pts if 12pt or lower, if above 12 decreases font by +2pt.
• Ctrl + [ - Decrease selected font -1pts.
• Ctrl + Shift + * - View or hide non printing characters.
• Ctrl + left arrow: Moves one word to the left.
• Ctrl + right arrow: Moves one word to the right.
• Ctrl + up arrow: Moves to the beginning of the line or paragraph.
• Ctrl + down arrow: Moves to the end of the paragraph.
• Ctrl + Del: Deletes word to right of cursor.
• Ctrl + Backspace: Deletes word to left of cursor.
• Ctrl + End: Moves the cursor to the end of the document.
• Ctrl + Home: Moves the cursor to the beginning of the document.
• Ctrl + Spacebar: Reset highlighted text to the default font.
• Ctrl + 1: Single-space lines.
• Ctrl + 2: Double-space lines.
• Ctrl + 5:1.5-line spacing.
• Ctrl + Alt + 1: Changes text to heading 1.
• Ctrl + Alt + 2: Changes text to heading 2.
• Ctrl + Alt + 3: Changes text to heading 3.
• Ctrl + F1: Open the Task Pane.
• F1: Open Help.
• Alt + Ctrl + F2: Open new document.
• Ctrl + F2: Display the print preview.
• Shift + F3: Change the text in Microsoft Word from upper to lower case or a capital letter at the beginning of every word.
• Shift + Insert: Paste.
• F4: Repeat the last action performed (Word 2000+)
• F5: Open the find, replace, and go to window in Microsoft Word.
• Ctrl + Shift + F6: Opens to another open Microsoft Word document.
• F7: Spell and grammar check selected text and/or document.
• Shift + F7: Runs a Thesaurus check on the word highlighted.
• F12: Save as.
• Shift + F12: Save.
• Ctrl + Shift + F12: Prints the document.
• Alt + Shift + D: Insert the current date.
• Alt + Shift + T: Insert the current time.

Microsoft Internet Explorer shortcut keys: Below commands may not work in some versions of Microsoft Internet Explorer.

• Alt + Left Arrow: Back a page.
• Backspace: Back a page.
• Alt + Right Arrow: Forward a page.
• F5: Refresh current page, frame, or tab.
• F11: Display the current website in full screen mode. Pressing F11 again will exit this mode.
• Esc: Stop page or download from loading.
• Ctrl + (- or +) - Increase or decrease the font size, pressing '-' will decrease and '+' will increase.
• Ctrl + Enter: Quickly complete an address. For example, typemicrosoft in the address bar and press CTRL + ENTER to gethttp://www.microsoft.com.
• Ctrl + D: Add a Favorite for the page currently opened.
• Ctrl + I: Display available bookmarks.
• Ctrl + N: Open New browser window.
• Ctrl + P: Print current page / frame.
• Ctrl + T: Opens a new tab.
• Ctrl + F4: Closes the currently selected tab.
• Ctrl + Tab: Moves through each of the open tabs.
• Spacebar: Moves down a page at a time.
• Shift + Spacebar: Moves up a page at a time.
• Alt + Down arrow: Display all previous text entered in a text box and/or available options on drop down menu.
• Alt + D: Highlights the text in the address bar

Mozilla Firefox shortcut keys: Below commands may not work in some versions of Mozilla Firefox.

• Alt + Left Arrow: Back a page.
• Backspace: Back a page.
• Alt + Right Arrow: Forward a page.
• F5: Refresh current page, frame, or tab.
• F11: Display the current website in full screen mode. Pressing F11 again will exit this mode.
• Esc: Stop page or download from loading.
• Ctrl + (- or +) - Increase or decrease the font size, pressing '-' will decrease and '+' will increase.
• Ctrl + Enter: Quickly complete an address. For example, typemicrosoft in the address bar and press CTRL + ENTER to gethttp://www.microsoft.com.
• Shift + Enter: Complete a .net instead of a .com address.
• Ctrl + Shift + Enter: Complete a .org address.
• Ctrl + Shift + Del: Open the Clear Data window to quickly clear private data.
• Ctrl + D: Add a bookmark for the page currently opened.
• Ctrl + I: Display available bookmarks.
• Ctrl + J: Display the download window.
• Ctrl + N: Open New browser window.
• Ctrl + P: Print current page / frame.
• Ctrl + T: Opens a new tab.
• Ctrl + F4 or Ctrl + W: Closes the currently selected tab.
• Ctrl + Shift + T: Undo the close of a window.
• Ctrl + Tab: Moves through each of the open tabs.
• Spacebar: Moves down a page at a time.
• Shift + Spacebar: Moves up a page at a time.
• Alt + Down arrow: Display all previous text entered in a text box and/or available options on drop down menu.

How to create own shortcut keys

Create a shortcut 

• Open the folder or directory that contains the program you wish to create a shortcut for.
• Right-click on the program and click Create Shortcut.
• This will create a shortcut named "Shortcut to " in the directory you are in. If you wish to rename this shortcut, right-click the file and click rename.
• Once the above steps have been completed, you can copy or cut this shortcut and paste it anywhere to execute this program.

Assign shortcut key to that Windows shortcut

• Once the shortcut has been created to assign a shortcut key to that Windows shortcut follow the below steps.
• Right-click the shortcut and click Properties.
• Click the Shortcut tab.
• Click in the Shortcut key box and press a letter. For example, if you press "p" the shortcut key will automatically be made Ctrl + Alt + P. Which means if saved when pressing Ctrl and Alt and "P" all at the same time will run that shortcut.

About File Type ( JPG , GIF , PNG )

Following are the most commonly used graphics file formats for putting graphics on the World Wide Web and how each differs from the others.

JPEG/JPG: Short for Joint Photographic Experts Group, the original name of the committee that wrote the standard. JPG is one of the image file formats supported on the Web. JPG is a lossy compression technique that is designed to compress color and grayscale continuous-tone images. The information that is discarded in the compression is information that the human eye cannot detect. JPG images support 16 million colors and are best suited for photographs and complex graphics. The user typically has to compromise on either the quality of the image or the size of the file. JPG does not work well on line drawings, lettering or simple graphics because there is not a lot of the image that can be thrown out in the lossy process, so the image loses clarity and sharpness.

GIF: Short for Graphics Interchange Format, another of the graphics formats supported by the Web. Unlike JPG, the GIF format is a lossless compression technique and it supports only 256 colors. GIF is better than JPG for images with only a few distinct colors, such as line drawings, black and white images and small text that is only a few pixels high. With an animation editor, GIF images can be put together for animated images. GIF also supports transparency, where the background color can be set to transparent in order to let the color on the underlying Web page to show through. The compression algorithm used in the GIF format is owned by Unisys, and companies that use the algorithm are supposed to license the use from Unisys (Unisys announced in 1995 that it would require people to pay licensing fees in order to use GIF. This does not mean that anyone who creates or uses a GIF image has to pay for it. Authors writing programs that output GIF images are subject to licensing fees).

PNG: Short for Portable Network Graphics, the third graphics standard supported by the Web (though not supported by all browsers). PNG was developed as a patent-free answer to the GIF format but is also an improvement on the GIF technique. An image in a lossless PNG file can be 5%-25% more compressed than a GIF file of the same image. PNG builds on the idea of transparency in GIF images and allows the control of the degree of transparency, known as opacity. Saving, restoring and re-saving a PNG image will not degrade its quality. PNG does not support animation like GIF does.

Run - Shortcut Commands

Open the "Run" window by pressing Winkey + R and try the below shortcut commands:

Direct Shortcuts

• calc - Calculator
• cfgwiz32 - ISDN Configuration Wizard
• charmap - Character Map
• chkdisk - Repair damaged files
  
• cleanmgr - Cleans up hard drives
• cliconfg - SQL Client Configuration
• clipbrd - Windows Clipboard viewer
• cmd - Opens a new Command Window (cmd.exe)
• control - Displays Control Panel
• dcomcnfg - DCOM user security
• ddeshare - DDE Share
• debug - Assembly language programming tool
• defrag - Defragmentation tool
• diskpart - Disk Partition Manager
• drwatson - Records programs crash & snapshots
• dxdiag - DirectX Diagnostic Utility
• eudcedit - Private Character Editor
• excel - Microsoft Excel
• explorer - Windows Explorer
• fonts - Fonts
• fontview - Graphical font viewer
• fsquirt - Bluetooth Transfer Wizard
• ftp - ftp.exe program
• hostname - Returns Computer's name
• iexpress - Iexpress Wizard
• ipconfig - Displays IP configuration for all network adapters
• javaws - Java Control Panel (If Installed)
• jview - Microsoft Command-line Loader for Java classes
• logoff - Logs out of Windows
• magnify - Windows Magnifier
• mmc - Microsoft Management Console
• msaccess - Microsoft Access
• msconfig - Configuration to edit startup files
• msinfo32 - Microsoft System Information Utility
• mstsc -Remote Desktop
• nbtstat - Displays stats and current connections using NetBios over TCP/IP
• netstat - Displays all active network connections
• notepad - Notepad
• nslookup - Returns your local DNS server
• odbcad32 - ODBC Data Source Administrator
• ois - Microsoft Picture Manager
• osk - On Screen Keyboard
• outlook - Microsoft Outlook
• packager - Object Packager
• perfmon - Performance Monitor
• ping - Sends data to a specified host/IP
• powerpnt - Microsoft PowerPoint
• printers - Printers & Faxes
• regedit - registry Editor
• regsvr32 - register/de-register DLL/OCX/ActiveX
• regwiz - Reistration wizard
• sfc /scannow - Sytem File Checker
• shutdown - Shuts Down Windows
• sigverif - File Signature Verification Tool
• sndrec32 - Sound Recorder
• sndvol32 - Volume control for soundcard
• sysedit - Edit system startup files (config.sys, autoexec.bat, win.ini, etc.)
• syskey - Windows System Security Tool
• systeminfo - display various system information in text console
• taskkill - kill processes using command line interface
• taskmgr - Task manager
• telnet - Telnet program
• tourstart - Windows XP Tour Wizard
• tracert - Traces and displays all paths required to reach an internet host
• tskill - reduced version of Taskkill from Windows XP Home
• utilman - Utility Manager
• verifier - Driver Verifier Utility
• winchat - simple chat program for Windows networks
• winipcfg - Displays IP configuration
• winword - Microsoft Word
• write - Wordpad
• wupdmgr - Windows Update Launches

.msc (Microsoft Console Shortcuts)

• certmgr.msc - Certificate Manager
• ciadv.msc - Indexing Service
• compmgmt.msc - Computer management
• devmgmt.msc - Device Manager
• dfrg.msc - Defragment
• diskmgmt.msc - Disk Management
• eventvwr.msc - Event Viewer
• fsmgmt.msc - Folder Sharing Management
• gpedit.msc - Group Policy -XP Pro only
• iis.msc - Internet Information Services
• lusrmgr.msc - Local Users and Groups
• mscorcfg.msc - Net configurations
• ntmsmgr.msc - Removable Storage
• ntmsoprq.msc - Removable Storage Operator Requests
• perfmon.msc - Performance Manager
• rsop.msc - Resultant Set of Policy (XP Prof)
• secpol.msc - Local Security Policy
• services.msc - System Services
• wmimgmt.msc - Windows Management

.cpl (Control Panel Item) Shortcuts

• ac3filter.cpl - Opens AC3 Filter (If Installed)
• access.cpl - Accessibility Options
• appwiz.cpl - dd/Remove Programs
• desk.cpl - Display Properties
• findfast.cpl - Find Fast
• firewall.cpl - Firewall Settings (sp2)
• hdwwiz.cpl - Add Hardware Wizard
• hdwwiz.cpl - Add New Hardware Wizard
• inetcpl.cpl - Internet Properties
• intl.cpl - Regional settings
• joy.cpl - Joystick Properties
• jpicpl32.cpl - Java Control Panel (If Installed)
• main.cpl - Mouse Properties
• mmsys.cpl - Sounds and Audio Device Properties
• mmsys.cpl sounds - Sound Properties
• ncpa.cpl - Network Connections
• ncpl.cpl - Network Properties
• netsetup.cpl - Network Setup Wizard
• nusrmgr.cpl - User settings
• nvtuicpl.cpl - Nview Desktop Manager (If Installed)
• odbccp32.cpl - ODBC Data Source Administrator
• powercfg.cpl - Power Management
• quicktime.cpl - Quicktime (If Installed)
• sticpl.cpl - Scanners and Cameras
• sysdm.cpl - System Properties
• telephon.cpl - Phone and Modem Options
• timedate.cpl - Date and Time Properties
• wscui.cpl - Security Center (sp2)
• wuaucpl.cpl - Automatic Updates

Current Directory Shortcuts

• %allusersprofile% - Open the All User's Profile
• %homedrive% - Opens your home drive e.g. C:\
• %systemroot% - Opens Windows folder
• %temp% - Opens temporary file Folder
• %userprofile% - Opens you User's Profile

Control Shortcuts

• control admintools - Administrative Tools
• control color - Display Properties (Appearance)
• control desktop - Display Properties
• control folders - Folders Properties
• control fonts - Fonts
• control keyboard - Keyboard Properties
• control mouse - Mouse Properties
• control netconnections - Network Connections
• control printers - Printers and Faxes
• control schedtasks - Scheduled Tasks